Existing Works¶
This chapter compares tools that compile surface code computations into physical circuits for simulation. Bloq compiles authored geometry and classical control into Bloq IR, which supports circuit emission and physical verification in its VM.
Physical Circuit Compiler¶
Our study covers implemented tools that lower surface code operations or whole computations into physical circuits that can be simulated. We compare their input representations, supported physical building blocks, and measurement dependent control. Layout optimizers, resource estimators, and standalone simulators are outside this scope. Native hardware instruction generators are included when their surface code circuits have been simulated.
Tool |
Starting point |
Main output |
Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|
Block graph + actions |
Bloq IR |
Adaptive execution requires a dynamic backend. |
|
Static block graph |
Stim circuit |
Static Clifford computation only. No built in Y basis, walking, or patch rotation blocks. |
|
Clifford QASM / PPMs |
Stim circuit |
Static Clifford computation only. PPM based compilation with ancilla routing overhead. |
|
Logical QEC assembly |
Stim circuit |
Physical patch lowering handles memory operations. Movement, rotation, and multi patch PPMs are unsupported. |
|
Code blocks + operations |
Multiple circuit formats |
Stim output is Clifford only. No built in T cultivation block. |
|
Patch operations |
Ion gates + transport schedule |
Targets trapped ions, with static schedules and transversal Hadamard and Pauli operations. |
What Bloq adds¶
Bloq focuses on representing and compiling dynamic Clifford+T surface code computations. The BLOG format describes block graph geometry together with actions for logical measurements, classical variables, feedback, measurement selection, and structural branches. This keeps the spacetime layout and classical control semantics in one source.
Its physical building blocks include Y basis initialization and measurement, sliding and gliding, and patch rotations. T blocks compile into physical cultivation and lattice surgery escape circuits, with acceptance checks and retries retained in the executable program.
Bloq extends signed correlation surfaces to dynamic block graphs. It derives logical readout recipes and Pauli byproduct corrections that depend on the selected branches and measurement outcomes. These preserve consistent logical observables, classical decisions, and corrected outputs during execution. See correlation surfaces.
The output Bloq IR specifies physical quantum circuits, detectors, logical observables, classical variables, control flow, and execution dependencies. It provides an explicit program contract for simulation and hardware backend integration.
The Rust compiler is designed with performance and scalability in mind, using reusable modules and shared physical circuit templates.